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Stanford Sleepiness Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Stanford Sleepiness Scale
Author Details
William C. Dement, Edward Hoddes, and Victor Zarcone
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) is a self-report scale that measures subjective sleepiness. It was developed by William C. Dement, Edward Hoddes, and Victor Zarcone in 1972 at the Stanford Sleep Research Center. The SSS is a 7-point scale, with 1 being “feeling active and vital, alert, wide awake” and 7 being “almost in reverie, sleep onset soon, lost struggle to remain awake.”
The SSS was originally developed to measure sleepiness in people who were being evaluated for sleep disorders. However, it has since been used in a variety of settings, including research, clinical practice, and transportation safety.
The SSS is a quick and easy to administer scale. It consists of 7 statements that describe different levels of sleepiness. The individual rates their current level of sleepiness on a scale of 1 to 7.
The SSS has been shown to be reliable and valid. It is a reliable measure of sleepiness, meaning that it produces consistent results over time. It is also a valid measure of sleepiness, meaning that it accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.
The SSS has been used in a variety of research studies to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, and medications on sleepiness. It has also been used in clinical settings to assess the severity of sleepiness in people with sleep disorders. In transportation safety, the SSS has been used to assess the risk of sleepiness-related accidents in drivers and pilots.
The SSS is a valuable tool for assessing sleepiness. It is quick, easy to administer, and reliable and valid. It can be used in a variety of settings to track sleepiness over time, to compare sleepiness between different groups of people, and to assess the effectiveness of treatments for sleep disorders.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
Here are the steps on how to administer the Stanford Sleepiness Scale:
- Give the individual a copy of the SSS.
- Instruct the individual to read each statement and rate their current level of sleepiness on a scale of 1 to 7.
- The individual should circle the number that best reflects their current level of sleepiness.
- Collect the SSS from the individual.
Reliability and Validity
The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) is a self-report scale that measures subjective sleepiness. It is a 7-point scale, with 1 being “feeling active and vital, alert, wide awake” and 7 being “almost in reverie, sleep onset soon, lost struggle to remain awake.”
The SSS has been shown to be reliable and valid. Reliability refers to the ability of a measure to produce consistent results over time. Validity refers to the ability of a measure to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.
The SSS has been shown to have good test-retest reliability, meaning that it produces consistent results when administered to the same individual on two different occasions. The SSS has also been shown to have good internal consistency, meaning that the items on the scale measure the same construct.
The SSS has also been shown to be valid. In one study, the SSS was correlated with performance on a driving simulator task. The results showed that the SSS scores were able to predict how well the participants performed on the driving simulator task. This suggests that the SSS is a valid measure of sleepiness.
Available Versions
07-Items
Reference
Hoddes E. (1972). “The development and use of the stanford sleepiness scale (SSS)”. Psychophysiology. 9 (150)
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Stanford Sleepiness Scale?
The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) is a self-report scale that measures subjective sleepiness. It is a 7-point scale, with 1 being “feeling active and vital, alert, wide awake” and 7 being “almost in reverie, sleep onset soon, lost struggle to remain awake.”
How is the Stanford Sleepiness Scale scored?
The SSS is scored on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 being the lowest level of sleepiness and 7 being the highest level of sleepiness. A score of 7 or higher indicates excessive sleepiness.
How reliable and valid is the Stanford Sleepiness Scale?
The SSS has been shown to be reliable and valid. It is a reliable measure of sleepiness, meaning that it produces consistent results over time. It is also a valid measure of sleepiness, meaning that it accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.
How is the Stanford Sleepiness Scale used?
The SSS is used in a variety of settings, including research, clinical practice, and transportation safety. It can be used to track sleepiness over time, to compare sleepiness between different groups of people, and to assess the effectiveness of treatments for sleep disorders.
What are the limitations of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale?
The SSS is a self-report scale, so it is subjective and can be influenced by factors such as mood and motivation. Additionally, the SSS is not a diagnostic tool, and it should not be used to diagnose a sleep disorder.
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