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Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)
Author Details
Steven H. Zarit
Translation Availability
Background/Description
Caregiving is a challenging and rewarding experience. However, it can also be a source of significant stress and burden for caregivers. Caregiver burden refers to the negative physical, emotional, social, and financial consequences of caregiving.
The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was developed in 1980 by Steven H. Zarit and Judy M. Zarit to assess the subjective burden experienced by caregivers of people with dementia. It was the first instrument to be specifically developed to measure caregiver burden, and it has since become the most widely used instrument in the field.
The ZBI is a self-report questionnaire that consists of 22 items that assess the caregiver’s perceived emotional, physical health, social life, and financial consequences of caregiving. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater burden. The total score for the ZBI ranges from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating greater overall caregiver burden.
The ZBI is a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers who work with caregivers. It can be used to:
- Identify caregivers who are at risk for experiencing high levels of burden
- Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce caregiver burden
- Track changes in caregiver burden over time
- Conduct research on caregiver burden and its impact on caregivers and their families
The ZBI has been extensively validated in research studies, and has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of caregiver burden in a variety of populations, including caregivers of people with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and other chronic illnesses.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Explain the purpose of the ZBI to the caregiver, and assure them that their responses are confidential.
- Provide the caregiver with a copy of the questionnaire and ask them to complete it independently.
- Allow the caregiver enough time to complete the questionnaire, but do not rush them.
- If the caregiver has any questions about the ZBI, be sure to answer them clearly and concisely.
- Once the caregiver has completed the ZBI, review their responses with them to ensure that they are accurate and complete.
Reliability and Validity
The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) is a widely used and well-validated measure of caregiver burden. It has been shown to be reliable and valid in a variety of populations, including caregivers of people with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and other chronic illnesses.
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A reliable measure will produce similar results when administered to the same person on multiple occasions.
The ZBI has been shown to have good reliability in research studies. For example, one study found that the ZBI had a test-retest reliability of 0.89, meaning that the total score for the ZBI was highly correlated when administered to the same caregivers two weeks apart.
Validity refers to the degree to which a measure measures what it is intended to measure. A valid measure of caregiver burden will be correlated with other measures of caregiver burden, as well as with other measures that are known to be associated with caregiver burden.
The ZBI has been shown to have good validity in research studies. For example, one study found that the ZBI was strongly correlated with other measures of caregiver burden, such as the caregiver’s self-reported stress and depression levels. Additionally, the ZBI has been shown to be correlated with other measures that are known to be associated with caregiver burden, such as the severity of the care recipient’s illness and the number of hours of caregiving provided.
Available Versions
22-Items
12-Items
Reference
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)?
The ZBI is a self-report questionnaire that measures the subjective burden experienced by caregivers of people with dementia and other types of disability.
How is the ZBI scored?
Each item on the ZBI is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater burden. The total score for the ZBI ranges from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating greater overall caregiver burden.
What are the different versions of the ZBI?
The following versions of the ZBI are available: ZBI-22 and ZBI-12.
Which version of the ZBI should I use?
The best version of the ZBI to use depends on your purpose, population, and time constraints. Consult a healthcare professional for help choosing the right version.
What are the benefits of using the ZBI?
The ZBI is a reliable and valid measure of caregiver burden. It is a simple and easy-to-use instrument that can be administered in a variety of settings. The ZBI can be used to identify caregivers who are at risk for experiencing high levels of burden, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce caregiver burden.
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