Affective Dependence Scale

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Affective Dependence Scale

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About Scale Name

Scale Name

Affective Dependence Scale

Author Details

The Affective Dependence Scale (ADS) was developed by Sabino Carver, a researcher in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona. Dr. Carver is a well-known researcher in the field of social psychology, with a particular focus on close relationships and attachment.

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Affective Dependence Scale
Affective Dependence Scale

Background/Description

The Affective Dependence Scale (ADS) is a psychological measurement tool used to assess an individual’s level of affective dependence on another person. Affective dependence refers to an individual’s emotional reliance on another person, which can involve feelings of need, attachment, and vulnerability. The ADS is designed to measure the degree to which an individual is affectively dependent on a specific person in their life, such as a romantic partner, family member, or friend.

The ADS consists of a series of questions that assess an individual’s feelings and behaviors related to their affective dependence on another person. The questionnaire may include questions about an individual’s feelings of need for the other person, their feelings of attachment to the other person, and their feelings of vulnerability when they are not with the other person. The ADS may also include questions about an individual’s behaviors related to their affective dependence, such as their willingness to compromise their own needs or values to please the other person.

The ADS is often used in research studies and clinical settings to understand and address factors that contribute to affective dependence in relationships. It can be used to identify and measure an individual’s level of affective dependence on a specific person and to assess the impact of affective dependence on an individual’s well-being and relationship satisfaction.

Scoring

The Affective Dependence Scale (ADS) is typically scored by summing the scores on individual items or sub-scales. The specific scoring method will depend on the specific version of the ADS being used and the research or clinical goals of the assessment.

For example, the ADS may include items that are rated on a Likert scale (e.g., 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) or a yes/no format. In this case, scores on individual items can be calculated by summing the scores on the Likert scale or assigning a score of 1 for “yes” and 0 for “no.”

The ADS may also include multiple sub-scales that measure different aspects of affective dependence, such as feelings of need, attachment, and vulnerability. In this case, scores on each sub-scale can be calculated by summing the scores on the relevant items.

It is important to note that the scoring of the ADS should be based on the specific instructions provided by the developer of the scale and may vary depending on the version of the scale being used. If you are using the ADS in your research or practice, it is important to carefully review the scoring instructions provided with the scale.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability measured as ordinal alpha reached satisfactory levels both for the total scale (clinical = 0.892; comparison = 0.880; general population = 0.867) and for each of the factors (clinical: Submission = 0.873, Craving = 0.894; comparison: Submission = 0.843, Craving = 0.855; and general population: Submission = 0.822, Craving = 0.826)

Significant differences in both the Submission (F2,759 = 64.510, p < 0.001) and Craving (F2,759 = 26.200, p < 0.001) dimensions were found among the study samples in the expected direction. Specifically, both for the Submission and Craving dimensions, the clinical subpopulation scored higher (p < 0.001) than the other study samples. This shows a greater pathology in the clinical sample in relation to the comparison and general population samples.

Available Versions

  • ADS-9: This is a shorter version of the ADS that consists of 9 items. It is designed to measure affective dependence in romantic relationships and has been widely used in research studies.
  • ADS-18: This is a longer version of the ADS that consists of 18 items. It is also designed to measure affective dependence in romantic relationships and has been used in research studies and clinical settings.
  • ADS-Child: This is a version of the ADS that is specifically designed for use with children. It includes items that are written at a lower reading level and are tailored to assess affective dependence in the context of parent-child relationships.
  • ADS-Friendship: This is a version of the ADS that is specifically designed for use in the context of friendships. It includes items that are tailored to assess affective dependence in friendships and has been used in research studies.

Reference

ADS-9:

Carver, S., & White, T. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319

ADS-18:

Carver, S., & Scheier, M. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

ADS-Child:

Gartstein, M., Bridgett, D., & Kieffer, C. (2012). The affective dependence scale: Development and validation of a measure of attachment and dependency in young children. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 1037-1047. doi:10.1037/a0027071

ADS-Friendship:

McCarthy, S., & Pickering, K. (2015). Affective dependence and social connectedness in romantic and non-romantic relationships: A comparison of the ADS-9 and ADS-Friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(3), 393-414. doi:10.1177/0265407514539221

Important Link

Scale File:

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