Table of Contents
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Author Details
Robert N. Goodman
Translation Availability
60 languages
Background/Description
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioral screening questionnaire for children and adolescents ages 2 through 17 years old. It was developed by Robert N. Goodman, an English child psychiatrist, in 1997. The SDQ is used to identify children and adolescents who may be at risk for emotional and behavioral problems.
The SDQ consists of 25 items that are rated on a 3-point scale (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true, 2 = certainly true). The items are grouped into five subscales:
- Emotional symptoms: items related to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem
- Conduct problems: items related to aggression, rule-breaking, and defiance
- Hyperactivity/inattention: items related to difficulty paying attention, fidgeting, and being restless
- Peer relationship problems: items related to difficulty making friends and getting along with others
- Prosocial behavior: items related to helpfulness, cooperation, and being kind to others
The SDQ has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. It is used widely in research and clinical practice.
The SDQ is available in over 60 languages and has been used in over 100 countries. It is a free and open-source instrument that can be downloaded from the SDQ website.
The SDQ can be used by parents, teachers, and other professionals to screen children and adolescents for emotional and behavioral problems. It can also be used to track changes in a child’s emotional and behavioral problems over time.
If a child scores high on the SDQ, it does not mean that they have a mental health condition. However, it does mean that they may be at risk for developing a mental health condition. If you are concerned about your child’s emotional or behavioral development, please talk to your doctor or a mental health professional.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Explain the purpose of the questionnaire to the person who will be completing it.
- Read each item of the questionnaire aloud.
- Ask the person to rate each item on a 3-point scale (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true, 2 = certainly true).
- If the person is unsure how to rate an item, they can ask for clarification.
- Once all of the items have been rated, the person can sign the questionnaire.
Reliability and Validity
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioral screening questionnaire for children and adolescents ages 2 through 17 years old. It has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the SDQ scores. The SDQ has been shown to have good internal consistency, meaning that the items within each subscale are measuring the same construct. The SDQ also has good test-retest reliability, meaning that the scores are consistent over time.
Validity refers to the accuracy of the SDQ scores. The SDQ has been shown to be valid in a number of ways. It has been shown to correlate with other measures of emotional and behavioral problems, such as clinical interviews and diagnostic assessments. The SDQ has also been shown to predict future mental health problems.
How to get Permission
Users are not permitted to create or distribute electronic versions for any purpose without prior authorization from youthinmind. If you are interested in making translations or creating electronic versions you MUST first Contact youthinmind@gmail.com.
Available Versions
25-Items
33-Items
Reference
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the SDQ?
A brief behavioral screening questionnaire for children and adolescents.
Who can take the SDQ?
Children and adolescents ages 2 to 17 years old.
How long does it take to take the SDQ?
5 to 10 minutes.
How is the SDQ scored?
On a 3-point scale (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true, 2 = certainly true).
What are the subscales of the SDQ?
Emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior.
What are the strengths of the SDQ?
It is brief, easy to administer, reliable, and valid.
What are the limitations of the SDQ?
It is not a diagnostic tool and cannot be used to diagnose specific mental health conditions.
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