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Satisfaction with Life Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Satisfaction with Life Scale
Author Details
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S.
Translation Availability
Background/Description
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a 5-item self-report scale designed to measure global cognitive judgments of satisfaction with one’s life. The scale was developed by Ed Diener, Robert A. Emmons, Richard J. Larsen, and Steven Griffin in 1985.
The SWLS is a brief and easy-to-use measure that has been shown to be reliable and valid in a variety of populations. It has been used in over 1,000 studies and has been translated into over 50 languages.
The SWLS items ask respondents to rate their agreement with statements such as “In general, I am satisfied with my life” and “I am content with my life.” Responses are made on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).
The SWLS has been shown to have good psychometric properties. It has high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The SWLS has also been shown to be predictive of a variety of outcomes, such as physical and mental health, happiness, and life expectancy.
The SWLS is a widely used measure of life satisfaction that is reliable, valid, and easy to use. It is a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians who are interested in assessing subjective well-being.
Here are some of the key findings of the study by Diener et al. (1985):
- The SWLS has a single factor structure, indicating that it measures a single construct of life satisfaction.
- The SWLS has good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .87.
- The SWLS has good test-retest reliability, with a correlation of .82 over a 2-week period.
- The SWLS has good construct validity, as it correlates positively with other measures of subjective well-being, such as the Affectometer and the Life Satisfaction Index-A.
The SWLS has been used in a wide variety of populations, including adults, adolescents, and children. It has also been used in a variety of cultures, including Western and Eastern cultures.
The SWLS is a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians who are interested in assessing subjective well-being. It is a brief, reliable, and valid measure that can be used with a variety of populations.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
To administer the SWLS, you will need to provide respondents with a copy of the scale and instructions on how to complete it. The instructions are as follows:
- Please read each statement carefully and indicate how much you agree or disagree with it by circling the appropriate number.
- There are no right or wrong answers, so please answer honestly.
- Your responses will be kept confidential.
Respondents rate their agreement with each statement on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The total score for the SWLS is the sum of the ratings for all 5 items. The possible range of scores is 5-35, with higher scores indicating greater life satisfaction.
The SWLS is a brief and easy-to-administer measure of life satisfaction. It is a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians who are interested in assessing subjective well-being.
Reliability and Validity
The SWLS has good reliability and validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) is typically high, ranging from 0.87 to 0.91. Test-retest reliability is also good, with correlations of 0.82 to 0.85 over periods of two to six months.
The SWLS has been shown to be valid in a variety of ways. It correlates positively with other measures of subjective well-being, such as happiness, positive affect, and self-esteem. It also correlates negatively with measures of depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.
The SWLS has been used in a wide range of populations, including adults, adolescents, and children. It has also been translated into many languages.
Available Versions
05-Items
Reference
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Pavot, W. G., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 149-161.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164-172.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 137–152
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the SWLS?
It is a 5-item scale that measures global life satisfaction.
What is the range of scores for the SWLS?
5-35, with 20 being neutral.
What do the scores mean?
Higher scores indicate higher life satisfaction.
How long does it take to take the SWLS?
About 1 minute.
Where can I find the SWLS?
There are many websites that offer the SWLS for free.
What is the reliability of the SWLS?
The SWLS has good reliability, with a test-retest correlation of 0.84.
What is the validity of the SWLS?
The SWLS has good validity, correlating with other measures of life satisfaction.
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