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Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Author Details
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Background/Description
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a widely used psychological tool for assessing an individual’s level of self-esteem. It was developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965 and has since become one of the most commonly used measures of self-esteem worldwide.
The scale consists of 10 statements about how the individual feels about themselves. The items are answered on a four-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Five of the items are positively worded, while the remaining five are negatively worded. The negatively worded items are reverse-coded before summing the scores.
The scale has been used in a wide range of studies investigating the relationship between self-esteem and various psychological and social outcomes. It has been validated across many different cultures and languages, making it useful for cross-cultural research.
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a relatively simple and easy-to-use measure that can be administered quickly and easily in clinical, research, or educational settings. However, it should be noted that self-esteem is a complex construct that cannot be fully captured by any single measurement tool. As with any psychological measure, the results of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale should be interpreted in conjunction with other sources of data and clinical judgment.
Scoring, Administration and Interpretation
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a widely used psychological tool for assessing an individual’s level of self-esteem. It consists of 10 statements about how the individual feels about themselves, which are answered on a four-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The scale has been validated across many different cultures and languages, making it useful for cross-cultural research.
To score the scale, five items are reverse-coded and then all 10 items are summed up, resulting in scores that can range from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem. Interpreting the scores involves assigning cut-offs based on the population being assessed and the purpose of the assessment. In general, scores between 10 and 20 suggest low self-esteem, scores between 21 and 30 suggest moderate self-esteem, and scores between 31 and 40 suggest high self-esteem.
Although the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a relatively simple and easy-to-use measure, it should be noted that self-esteem is a complex construct that cannot be fully captured by any single measurement tool. As with any psychological measure, the results of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale should be interpreted in conjunction with other sources of data and clinical judgment.
Reliability and Validity
Internal consistency: The scale has consistently demonstrated high internal consistency across different populations, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from .77 to .93.
Test-retest reliability: Studies have also shown good test-retest reliability over periods ranging from two weeks to six months.
Validity:
Criterion validity: The scale has demonstrated criterion validity by correlating positively with measures of psychological well-being, social support, and life satisfaction while negatively correlating with measures of anxiety, depression, and negative affect.
Convergent validity: The scale has been shown to be highly correlated with other self-esteem measures, such as the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory.
Discriminant validity: The scale has also demonstrated discriminant validity by being minimally correlated with measures of anxiety, depression, and other negative affect.
Available Versions
10-Items
Reference
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?
A: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a widely used psychological tool for assessing an individual’s level of self-esteem. It consists of 10 statements answered on a four-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
Q: Who developed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?
A: The scale was developed by Morris Rosenberg, a sociologist who was on the faculty of the University of Maryland at the time.
Q: What are the cutoffs for interpreting scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?
A: There is some variation in how scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale are interpreted, but generally speaking, scores between 10 and 20 suggest low self-esteem, scores between 21 and 30 suggest moderate self-esteem, and scores between 31 and 40 suggest high self-esteem.
Q: Is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale valid and reliable?
A: Yes, the reliability and validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale have been extensively studied over several decades, and the scale has consistently demonstrated high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. It has also shown criterion, convergent, and discriminant validity.
Q: How long does it take to complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?
A: The scale can be completed relatively quickly, usually taking no more than 5-10 minutes.
Q: Can the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale be used with different populations?
A: Yes, the scale has been validated across many different cultures and languages, making it useful for cross-cultural research. However, it should be noted that cultural differences may affect how individuals respond to the items.
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