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General Health Questionnaire Urdu
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About General Health Questionnaire Urdu
Scale Name
General Health Questionnaire Urdu
Author Details
David Goldberg
Institute of Psychiatry
DeCrespigny Park, Denmark Hill
London SE5 8AE UK
Phone: +44 (0)20 7836 5454
Fax: +44 (0)20 7848 0530
E-mail: [email protected]
Hamira Riar, Reza H
Department of Behavioural Medicine.
Clinical Sciences Building, Hope Hospital.
Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HO. UK
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a widely used screening tool for detecting minor psychiatric disorders in non-hospital settings. It was developed in the 1970s by David Goldberg, a British psychiatrist, and has since been translated into many languages and used in research and clinical settings around the world.
The GHQ was developed in response to the need for a brief, reliable, and valid measure of psychological distress that could be used in non-clinical settings. The GHQ was designed to be a self-report questionnaire that could be completed by individuals in a variety of settings, such as primary care clinics, workplaces, and community centers.
The GHQ measures psychological distress across four dimensions of symptomatology: somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression. The questionnaire consists of 28 items, each of which is scored on a Likert scale (0-1-2-3). The GHQ provides an overall severity score as well as scores for each of the four dimensions of symptomatology.
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a self-administered screening test, designed to identify short-term changes in mental health (depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms). It is a pure state measure, responding to how much a subject feels that their present state “over the past few weeks” is unlike their usual state. It does not make clinical diagnoses and should not be used to measure long-standing attributes.
The GHQ has been used in many studies and has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of psychological distress in different populations. The GHQ has also been translated into many languages and used in different cultural settings, although it is important to ensure that the translated version is culturally appropriate and has good psychometric properties.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Provide the respondent with a copy of the GHQ in Urdu.
- Explain to the respondent that the GHQ is a brief questionnaire that assesses their mental health.
- Ask the respondent to read each question carefully and circle the answer that best describes their experience over the past few weeks.
- Once the respondent has completed the questionnaire, collect it from them.
- To score the GHQ, add up the scores for each item. A score of 12 or higher is indicative of possible mental health problems.
Reliability and Validity
The reliability and validity of a research instrument are crucial aspects that determine the accuracy and usefulness of the data collected. In the case of the Urdu version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), a study was conducted to evaluate its reliability and validity. The study found that the Urdu version of the GHQ-28 had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, indicating that it is a reliable measure of psychological distress in the Urdu-speaking population. The study also found that the Urdu version of the GHQ-28 had good construct validity, indicating that it measures what it is intended to measure.
Internal consistency refers to the degree to which the items in a research instrument are interrelated and measure the same construct. In the case of the Urdu version of the GHQ-28, the study found that the items were highly interrelated, indicating good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability refers to the degree to which the same results are obtained when the instrument is administered to the same group of people at different times. The study found that the Urdu version of the GHQ-28 had good test-retest reliability, indicating that it is a stable measure of psychological distress over time.
Construct validity refers to the degree to which a research instrument measures what it is intended to measure. In the case of the Urdu version of the GHQ-28, the study found that it had good construct validity, indicating that it measures psychological distress in the Urdu-speaking population. The study also found that the degree of correspondence between the Urdu version of the GHQ-28 and the original English version was consistent with previous estimates of the convergent validity of the English GHQ-28 using other self-report questionnaires as comparison measures.
Available Versions
12-Items
28-Items
30-Items
60-Items
Reference
Riaz, H., & Reza, H. (1998). The evaluation of an Urdu version of the GHQ‐28. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 97(6), 427-432.
Goldberg, D. P. (n.d.). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). ePROVIDE. https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/general-health-questionnaire
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)?
A: The GHQ is a screening tool used to detect minor psychiatric disorders in non-hospital settings. It was developed in the 1970s and has been translated into many languages. The GHQ is a self-report questionnaire that measures psychological distress and is used in research and clinical settings.
Q: What are the different versions of the GHQ?
A: There are several versions of the GHQ, including the GHQ-12, GHQ-28, and GHQ-60. The GHQ-12 is a shorter version of the questionnaire and is used in some studies. The GHQ-28 is the most commonly used version and measures four dimensions of symptomatology: somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression. The GHQ-60 is a longer version that includes additional items.
Q: How is the GHQ scored?
A: The GHQ is scored using different methods, depending on the version used. The GHQ-28 uses a Likert method of scoring (0-1-2-3) and provides an overall severity score as well as scores for each of the four dimensions of symptomatology. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress.
Q: What is the reliability of the GHQ?
A: The reliability of the GHQ varies depending on the version used and the population being studied. Generally, the GHQ has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, indicating that it is a reliable measure of psychological distress.
Q: What is the validity of the GHQ?
A: The validity of the GHQ also varies depending on the version used and the population being studied. Generally, the GHQ has good construct validity, indicating that it measures what it is intended to measure. The GHQ has been used in many studies and has been found to be a valid measure of psychological distress in different populations.
Q: Can the GHQ be used to diagnose mental health disorders?
A: No, the GHQ is a screening tool and is not intended to diagnose mental health disorders. It is used to identify individuals who may be experiencing psychological distress and who may benefit from further assessment or treatment.
Q: Is the GHQ suitable for use in different cultures?
A: The GHQ has been translated into many languages and has been used in different cultural settings. However, it is important to ensure that the translated version
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