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Dysfunctional Attitude Scale
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About Dysfunctional Attitude Scale
The measurement of the presence and intensity of dysfunctional beliefs in depression was advanced by the development of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Weissman and Beck 1978). The DAS was originally designed as a measure that would reflect a general cognitive vulnerability factor to depression. However, there is some evidence to suggest that individuals vulnerable to depression may have dysfunctional beliefs only in a few, but not all, areas of their lives (e.g., Dyck 1992; Power et al. 1995, 1994; Sheppard and Teasdale 2000).
Moreover, the DAS might be too general to adequately test Beck’s cognitive diathesis-stress theory. Beck (1987) later proposed that specific dysfunctional beliefs will interact with particular stressors. Therefore, it is important to focus on specific rather than general dysfunctional beliefs, in research and clinical practice. If the DAS is to be used as a marker of specific vulnerabilities, subscales of the DAS measuring specific patterns of maladaptive thinking need to be identified.
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale form A (DAS-A) is a self-report scale designed to measure the presence and intensity of dysfunctional attitudes. The DAS-A consists of 40 items and each item consists of a statement and a 7-point Likert scale (7 = fully agree; 1 = fully disagree). Ten items are reversely coded (2, 6, 12, 17, 24, 29, 30, 35, 37 and 40). The total score is the sum of the 40-items with a range of 40–280. The higher the score, the more dysfunctional attitudes an individual possesses (Weissman and Beck 1978). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and average item-total correlations of the DAS-A were satisfactory in different samples (e.g., Cane et al. 1986; Oliver and Baumgart 1985).
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