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Burnout Index
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About Burnout Index
This 21 item instrument is a one-dimensional questionnaire used to measure burnout. This measure uses a 7 point frequency rating, with endpoints of ‘never’ and ‘always’, and an overall burnout score is derived by computing the person’s mean score across the 21 items. The 21 exhaustion items (none of them refers to the work situation) include for example ‘being tired’ and ‘feeling weak’ (physical exhaustion); ‘feeling depressed’ and feeling ‘burned out’ (emotional exhaustion); ‘being unhappy’ and ‘feeling rejected’ (mental exhaustion). The BI appears to be a highly reliable instrument with internal consistency coefficients exceeding 0.90. The stability of the Br is also relatively high as indicated by test retest coefficients (r) ranging from .66 to .89 across 1 and 4-month intervals, respectively (Pines and Aronson, 1988).
Empirical evidence from Schaufeli and Van Dierondonck (1993) did however challenge the one-dimensionality of the BI. Although the authors distinguish conceptually between the three kinds of exhaustion (physical, mental and emotional), they suggest the existence of three different, reliable and interrelated dimensions that do not concur with those that are included in the definition of burnout as used by Pines and Aronson. Factorial studies of the BI have typically obtained just a single dimension and there has been little attempt to apply confirmatory factor analysis to the Burnout Index. Schaufeli and Van Dierondonck (1993) have reported confirmatory factor analysis data which indicated a better fit for a three-dimensional model of the BI than for a one dimensional structure. Thus while the utility of the BI is confirmed, exploration of the construct and predictive validity is warranted, as an alternative to the MBI.
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