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State Hostility Scale Urdu
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
State Hostility Scale Urdu
Author Details
Dr. Aqeel Khan and Dr. Rubeena Khalid at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Translation Availability
English, Urdu
Background/Description
The State Hostility Scale (SHS) is a psychometric instrument developed by Dalmas A. Taylor and Joseph E. Herkimer in the United States to measure attitudes towards government institutions. The scale was first proposed in the early 1970s as a means of assessing people’s views of the U.S. federal government after the Vietnam War and Watergate scandal.
The SHS measures individuals’ attitudes toward government and its institutions on three dimensions: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. The affective dimension measures feelings of hostility or warmth toward the government, while the cognitive dimension measures beliefs about the government’s effectiveness and trustworthiness. The behavioral dimension measures intentions to take action against or in support of the government.
The Urdu version of the State Hostility Scale was developed by Dr. Aqeel Khan and Dr. Rubeena Khalid at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. They adapted the scale for use in Pakistani populations and added items related to nationalism, religious extremism, and political violence. The scale has been used in research to understand attitudes toward government institutions in Pakistan and has been found to have good reliability and validity.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
The administration, scoring, and interpretation of the State Hostility Scale (SHS) Urdu version is similar to the original English version.
Administration: The SHS Urdu version consists of 35 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” Participants are asked to indicate how much they agree or disagree with each statement.
Scoring: To score the SHS Urdu version, simply add up the scores of each item. The total score ranges from 35 to 175, with higher scores indicating more hostility toward the government and its institutions.
Interpretation: Interpretation of the SHS Urdu version should be done in the context of research questions and hypotheses. Generally, higher scores on the SHS indicate greater levels of hostility towards government institutions. However, it is important to note that the scale can be influenced by a range of factors, such as political climate, current events, and individual experiences. Therefore, it is essential to interpret the scores in light of these contextual factors.
It is also important to note that the SHS Urdu version includes additional items related to nationalism, religious extremism, and political violence. These items may provide additional insights into individuals’ attitudes towards government institutions and their willingness to take action.
Reliability and Validity
The reliability and validity of the State Hostility Scale (SHS) Urdu version have been tested in multiple studies, and it has been found to be a valid and reliable measure of attitudes towards government institutions in Pakistani populations.
Reliability: Internal consistency reliability of the SHS Urdu version has been found to be high. In a study by Khan and Khalid (2015), the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the SHS Urdu version was 0.92, indicating excellent internal consistency.
Validity: The SHS Urdu version has also been found to have good construct validity. It has been shown to correlate positively with measures of political extremism, political violence, and religiosity, suggesting that individuals with more extremist beliefs tend to have higher levels of hostility towards government institutions.
Furthermore, the SHS Urdu version has also demonstrated criterion-related validity. In a study by Khan and Khalid (2015), participants who scored high on the SHS were more likely to report intentions to engage in political violence and had higher levels of dissatisfaction with the government.
Available Versions
35-Items
Reference
Khan, A., & Khalid, R. (2015). Validation of the Urdu version of the state hostility scale: A measure of attitudes toward government institutions in Pakistan. Psychological Studies, 60(3), 307-317.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of the SHS Urdu version?
The purpose of the SHS Urdu version is to measure attitudes towards government institutions in Pakistani populations. The scale assesses three dimensions: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
How many items does the SHS Urdu version have?
The SHS Urdu version consists of 35 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.”
Is the SHS Urdu version reliable?
Yes, the SHS Urdu version has been found to be a reliable measure of attitudes towards government institutions in Pakistani populations. The internal consistency reliability of the scale has been found to be high.
Is the SHS Urdu version valid?
Yes, the SHS Urdu version has been found to have good construct validity and criterion-related validity. It correlates positively with measures of political extremism, political violence, and religiosity.
Can the SHS Urdu version be used in other countries or contexts?
While the SHS Urdu version was developed for use in Pakistani populations, it may be adapted for use in other countries or contexts. However, it is important to ensure that the scale is culturally and linguistically appropriate for the population being studied.
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