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Bedimo Rung Assessment Tools
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About Bedimo Rung Assessment Tools
Scale Name
Bedimo Rung Assessment Tools
Author Details
Ariane Lisann Bedimo-Rung, Jeanette Gustat, Bradley J. Tompkins, Janet Rice, Jessica Thomson
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
In the quest to understand how parks can encourage physical activity, the Bedimo-Rung Assessment Tools (BRAT) emerged in 2006. Spearheaded by Dr. Ariane Lisann Bedimo-Rung and a dedicated team, this framework was created to delve into the physical, social, and policy landscapes of parks, specifically focusing on their potential to promote healthy movement.
The BRAT isn’t a singular tool, but rather a comprehensive toolbox containing various instruments: a detailed direct observation checklist, surveys for park users and managers, and even the integration of geospatial data. This multifaceted approach allows researchers, planners, and public health professionals to gain a holistic understanding of how park environments influence physical activity.
Bedimo-Rung Assessment Tools – Direct Observation Instrument to Measure Environmental Characteristics of Parks for Physical Activity (BRAT-DO) is developed by Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Gustat, J., Tompkins, B. J., Rice, J., & Thomson, J.
This direct observation instrument is designed to assess park characteristics that may be related to physical activity.
The BRAT-DO is part of a set of assessment instruments, The Bedimo Rung Assessment Tools, designed to measure the physical, social, and policy environments of parks. This particular tool is a direct observation measure intended to visually identify and evaluate the following aspects of parks: 1) Features, 2) Condition, 3) Access, 4) Esthetics, and 5) Safety. Validity and reliability have been demonstrated (Bedimo-Rung et al., 2006).
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Planning and logistics: Identify the park(s) to be assessed, define objectives, secure necessary permissions, and gather resources (e.g., trained observers, survey materials, GIS equipment).
- Observer training: Ensure observers are thoroughly trained on the BRAT-DO instrument, including proper identification of park features, condition assessment, and adherence to scoring protocols.
- Survey instruments: Prepare and pre-test the user and manager surveys, adjusting questions as needed to fit the specific park context and target population.
- Direct observation: Trained observers visit the park at pre-determined times and systematically walk through designated areas, completing the BRAT-DO checklist to record details on park features, aesthetics, safety, accessibility, and other relevant aspects.
- User surveys: Park users are intercepted and invited to participate in anonymous surveys, either on-site or online, sharing their perceptions of the park’s environment, facilities, and perceived supportiveness for physical activity.
- Manager interviews: Semi-structured interviews with park managers gather insights into park policies, maintenance practices, usage patterns, and future plans, providing valuable context for interpreting the other data.
- GIS data integration: Where applicable, geospatial data on park boundaries, amenities, and surrounding neighborhood features can be integrated with the BRAT data to create a richer understanding of the environmental context.
Reliability and Validity
The BRAT has undergone rigorous testing for both reliability and validity, making it a widely trusted tool for park environment assessment. Here’s a breakdown of its strengths and some areas to consider:
- Inter-rater reliability: Studies have shown good agreement between trained observers using the BRAT-DO, with reported inter-rater reliability coefficients generally exceeding 85%. This means different observers are likely to produce similar results when assessing the same park.
- Internal consistency: The individual items within each domain of the BRAT-DO have been found to be internally consistent, indicating that they consistently measure the intended concept.
- Content validity: The BRAT was developed based on a well-defined conceptual model of park environmental factors influencing physical activity, ensuring its items adequately capture these aspects.
- Construct validity: The BRAT has been shown to correlate with other measures of park quality and physical activity, suggesting it accurately reflects the characteristics of the park environment and their potential impact on behavior.
- Criterion validity: Studies have compared BRAT-DO scores with expert assessments of parks, demonstrating good agreement in overall ratings of park features and quality.
Available Versions
Direct Observation Instrument (BRAT-DO)
Reference
Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Gustat, J., Tompkins, B. J., Rice, J., & Thomson, J. (2006). Development of a direct observation instrument to measure environmental characteristics of parks for physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3, S176-S189
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the BRAT?
A set of tools to assess park environments for their potential to promote physical activity.
What does it include?
Direct observation checklist (BRAT-DO), user and manager surveys, GIS data integration.
Who uses it?
Researchers, park planners, public health professionals.
How reliable is it?
Good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency.
How valid is it?
Strong content, construct, and criterion validity, but may vary by context.
What are its limitations?
Time-consuming, some subjectivity, features can change over time.
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