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State Social Anxiety and State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaires
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About State Social Anxiety and State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaires
Scale Name
State Social Anxiety and State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaires
Author Details
Todd B. Kashdan and Michael F. Steger
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
For the purpose of highlighting the fact that persons with higher levels of dispositional social anxiety are more likely to feel less positive affect and have a tendency to repress emotions, the two questionnaires were utilised jointly throughout the study. The individuals who reported having a lower level of social anxiety were more likely to have a greater capacity for absorbing the emotional sensations that they received. The participants in this research (see the citation below) were required to perform these procedures on a daily basis for a period of twenty-one days, which is the reason why the procedures were so brief.
Other scales served as the basis for the elements that were developed and changed for both scales. At the State Social Anxiety Questionnaire, five items were taken from the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Rodebaugh et al., 2004), and two items were taken from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety (Ballenger et al., 1998). Both of these scales were used to develop the questionnaire. There are eight questions from Gross and John’s (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire that are included in the State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaire of the United States.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
State Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SSAQ):
- Preparation:
- Ensure you have the questionnaire and answer sheet ready.
- Explain the purpose of the questionnaire briefly and ethically.
- Inform participants that their responses are confidential and anonymous.
- Administration:
- Read each item aloud clearly and slowly.
- Participants respond by marking the answer that best reflects their current state (typically on a 7-point Likert scale).
- Allow sufficient time for reading and responding to each item.
- Encourage participants to answer honestly and avoid overthinking.
- Scoring:
- Sum the score for each item according to the scoring instructions provided with the specific version you’re using.
- Interpret the total score based on established norms or cut-off points (consult the manual for details).
State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaire (SERQ):
- Preparation:
- Follow the same preparation steps as with the SSAQ.
- Administration:
- Similar to the SSAQ, read each item aloud and allow participants to respond on a 5-point Likert scale.
- This time, the scale typically reflects their agreement with using the specific emotion-regulation strategy described in the item.
- Scoring:
- Calculate separate scores for each subscale (e.g., suppression, reappraisal) following the specific manual instructions.
- Analyze the subscale scores to understand the participant’s preferred emotion-regulation strategies.
Reliability and Validity
Reliability: The State Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SSAQ) has been shown to possess good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .91. This indicates that the items on the questionnaire are highly correlated and measure the same underlying construct of state social anxiety. Similarly, the State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaire (SERQ) demonstrates strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of .97 for both the suppression and reappraisal subscales. This suggests that the items within each subscale are measuring the same specific emotion-regulation strategies.
Validity: The SSAQ exhibits strong convergent validity, meaning that it correlates positively with other measures of social anxiety, such as the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). This convergence with established measures provides evidence that the SSAQ is capturing the intended construct of state social anxiety. The SERQ also demonstrates acceptable convergent validity, showing positive correlations with other measures of emotion-regulation strategies. However, further research is needed to fully establish the convergent validity of the SERQ, particularly for the reappraisal subscale.
Available Versions
07-Items (SSAQ)
08-Items (SERQ)
Reference
Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Expanding the topography of social anxiety: An experience-sampling assessment of positive emotions, positive events, and emotion suppression. Psychological Science, 17(2), 120-128.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What are these questionnaires?
These are two short self-report measures used to assess and State Emotion-Regulation (SERQ).
Who developed them?
Todd B. Kashdan and Michael F. Steger are credited with their development.
What’s the purpose of using them?
Researchers might use them to:
- Understand the link between social anxiety and emotional regulation.
- Investigate how people manage emotions in daily life.
- Evaluate interventions for social anxiety or emotion regulation difficulties.
How are they administered and scored?
Both questionnaires are brief and self-administered. Participants respond to each statement on a scale, indicating their current experience or agreement with the described strategy. Scoring involves summing responses based on specific instructions.
Are they reliable and valid?
Yes, both questionnaires demonstrate good internal consistency (reliability). The SSAQ shows strong convergent validity (correlates with other social anxiety measures), while the SERQ shows acceptable convergent validity, needing further research for the reappraisal subscale.
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