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What Are the Schizotypy and Schizophrenia Relationships?

Schizotypy

Schizotypy is a condition of abnormal behavior in which people have a distorted self-image. The term Schizotypy comes from the word shit, which means ‘mind’, and Typia, which means ‘person’. Psychologists who use the term Schizotypy assume that persons with the disorder suffer from a developmental disorder, where an individual’s perception of reality does not correspond to reality. In fact, a person with a diagnosis of Schizotypy might have a normal healthy life, with lots of friends, hobbies, and activities, but with an inflated view of his own image. So how is Schizotypy diagnosed?

Schizotypy can be diagnosed using several criteria. The diagnostic criteria of Schizotypy include positive symptoms of schizoid, at least one positive symptom of psychosis, and at least one positive symptom of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms include delusional beliefs, excessive self-esteem, a grandiose sense of reality, a tendency to be overly sensitive or under-sensitive, a history of childhood sexual abuse or neglect, and an over-abundance of positive emotions (such as joy). Positive symptoms of schizoid may also include hallucinations or delusions, irritability, mania, blushing, or muscle tension. Negative symptoms of schizotypy include low self-esteem, poor career choices, suffering from poor social dysfunction, maladaptive self-defeating behavior, and criminal behavior.

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Schizotypy in itself cannot be diagnosed. Diagnosis is made on the basis of physical symptoms and cognitive assessments. Physical symptoms are used to rule out other disorders such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis, which could mimic Schizotypy. If physical symptoms are present, then a professional psychologist should be consulted. Cognitive tests will determine if the patients have a psychiatric illness like depression or a personality disorder such as bipolar disorder or a major psychological disorder such as schizophrenia.

Types of Schizotypy

There are 2 types of schizotypy – overt and covert. Overly verbal, the patients describe themselves as talkative, overly chatty, and verbose. The overt symptoms include grandiose thought patterns, egocentric and egotistic self-pride, grandiose sense of reality, and exaggerated certainty and trust in others. Covert symptoms are those that are not so obvious, such as counting items, time passing, or not remembering names.

The positive and negative symptoms of schizotypy can overlap, which is why it is important to be able to differentiate them. People who have overt positive symptoms have a very distorted view of themselves, whereas people who have more covert negative symptoms have a negative self-image. For example, severely low self-esteem, frequent complaints of not being good enough, a negative self-image, and high loadings for logic and organization are positive symptoms of schizotypy, while a high need for sameness, regularity, orderliness, and structure, a lack of adventure, personal disintegration, and abnormal interests and hobbies are negative symptoms.

Schizotypy and schizophrenia

Schizotypy and schizophrenia are an interesting issue because people with personality disorders will often get into therapy and then be prescribed medications. While medications can help, it’s important that these medications are also utilized as a part of a comprehensive mental health care program, especially because some medications used for schizophrenia can have detrimental long-term effects on the heart and the brain. Research has shown that people with personality disorders are at much higher risk of suicide after being on antipsychotic medications for many years. Research also shows that these personality disorders make it much more difficult for people with schizophrenia to cope with their condition and live a productive life. In fact, people with schizophrenia and personality disorders are more likely to be unemployed than those without.

Schizotypy and schizophrenia can be defined as an interrelated set of psychological symptoms. These symptoms can include grandiose ideas, unrealistic goals, lack of motivation, dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, resistance to change, reliance on others for emotional support, and faulty logic. Theories suggest that these problems can result from a number of causes, including biological, cognitive, environmental, and experiential factors. Researchers have proposed that schizotypy may be caused by a combination of several factors and that there are two separate categories of psychopathy – nonpsychopathic psychopathy and the complex type, which are usually diagnosed in conjunction with schizophrenia.

Schizotypy and schizophrenia can affect individuals of any age, race, gender, or socioeconomic status. The symptoms can be so severe that patients can withdraw completely from society. Although Schizotypy and schizophrenia are not a diagnosis in and of itself, it can become one if a person is diagnosed with a personality disorder, as the symptoms commonly are present in people who suffer from other mental illnesses, such as depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders.

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