Table of Contents
Mini-Mental State Examination
Here in this post, we are sharing the “Mini-Mental State Examination”. You can read psychometric and Author information. We have thousands of Scales and questionnaires in our collection (See Scales and Questionnaires). You can demand us any scale and questionnaires related to psychology through our community, and we will provide you with a short time. Keep visiting Psychology Roots.
About Scale Name
Scale Name
Mini-Mental State Examination
Author Details
Marshal F. Folstein and his colleagues in 1975
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used screening tool for cognitive impairment, particularly in older adults. It was developed by psychiatrist Marshal F. Folstein and his colleagues in 1975 as a brief assessment of cognitive function that could be used in clinical and research settings.
The MMSE consists of a series of tasks designed to assess various aspects of cognitive function, including orientation to time and place, registration and recall of information, attention and calculation, language, and visuospatial skills. It typically takes around 10-15 minutes to complete and includes tasks such as identifying the current date and time, repeating a list of words, counting backwards from 100, naming common objects, following a three-step command, and copying a simple drawing.
The 11-item S-MMSE or Short Form Mini-Mental State Examination is a version of the MMSE that was developed by several researchers, including Tariq et al. in 2006, as a quicker screening tool for cognitive function. The S-MMSE includes a subset of items from the full MMSE and has been found to have good sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment.
Scoring, Administration and Interpretation
The administration, scoring, and interpretation of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) involves the following steps:
Introduce yourself to the patient and explain the purpose of the test. Ensure that the patient is comfortable and can hear you clearly. Read each item aloud and wait for the patient’s response before moving on to the next item. Write down the patient’s responses on the MMSE form.
Scoring: Each item on the MMSE is assigned a specific score based on the patient’s response. The maximum score is 30 points, and a higher score indicates better cognitive function. The scoring system is as follows:
Orientation to time: 5 points
Orientation to place: 5 points
Registration (immediate recall of three words): 3 points
Attention and calculation: 5 points
Recall (delayed recall of three words): 3 points
Language (naming, repeating, and following commands): 9 points
Interpretation: The total score on the MMSE can be used to assess the patient’s cognitive function. A score of 24 or above is considered normal, while a score between 18 and 23 suggests mild cognitive impairment, and a score below 17 indicates severe cognitive impairment. However, it’s important to note that the MMSE should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool for dementia or other cognitive disorders. It should be used in conjunction with other assessments, such as clinical interviews, medical history, and neuroimaging tests, to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
Reliability and Validity
The sMMSE has good test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. It also has high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.80 to 0.90.
Studies have shown that the MMSE has good face validity and content validity, as it covers a broad range of cognitive abilities similar to the full MMSE. In terms of criterion validity,
Available Versions
30-Items
16-Items
11-Items
06-Items
Reference
Stewart, S., O’Riley, A., Edelstein, B., & Gould, C. (2011). A preliminary comparison of three cognitive screening instruments in long term care: The MMSE, SLUMS, and MoCA. Journal of gerontological nursing, 37(4), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20111117-03
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the MMSE?
The MMSE is a brief cognitive screening tool used to assess an individual’s cognitive function and detect signs of cognitive impairment or dementia.
How is the MMSE administered?
The MMSE consists of 11 questions that assess an individual’s orientation, attention, memory, language, and visual-spatial skills. It typically takes around 10-15 minutes to complete and is administered by a healthcare professional.
What is a good score on the MMSE?
The maximum score on the MMSE is 30 points, with higher scores indicating better cognitive functioning. A score of 24 or above is generally considered normal, while scores below 24 may indicate cognitive impairment.
What are the limitations of the MMSE?
The MMSE has been criticized for its limited sensitivity in detecting early stages of cognitive impairment and for being influenced by factors such as education, culture, and language.
Are there alternative screening tools to the MMSE?
Yes, there are several alternative screening tools to the MMSE, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS), and the Mini-Cog test.
Special Thanks
- Mr. Muhammad Mujtaba
Disclaimer
Please note that Psychology Roots does not have the right to grant permission for the use of any psychological scales or assessments listed on its website. To use any scale or assessment, you must obtain permission directly from the author or translator of the tool. Psychology Roots provides information about various tools and their administration procedures, but it is your responsibility to obtain proper permissions before using any scale or assessment. If you need further information about an author’s contact details, please submit a query to the Psychology Roots team.
Help Us Improve This Article
Have you discovered an inaccuracy? We put out great effort to give accurate and scientifically trustworthy information to our readers. Please notify us if you discover any typographical or grammatical errors.
Make a comment. We acknowledge and appreciate your efforts.
If you have any scale or any material related to psychology kindly share it with us at psychologyroots@gmail.com. We help others on behalf of you.
