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The Hardiness Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
The Hardiness Scale
Author Details
P T Bartone, R J Ursano, K M Wright, L H Ingraham
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
45-item Hardiness Scale (HS) measures dispositional resilience. The scale is four-point Likert. Zero = not true, 1= a little true, 2= fairly true, and 3= fully true. Due to the length of the three surveys, a 30-item HS was employed, which correlated well with the 45-item version (Bartone, et al., 1989).
Commitment, control, and challenge comprise the HS. Subscale associations may be calculated individually or collectively. Bartone, et al. (1989) found challenge, control, and commitment subscale reliability alpha values of.62,.66, and.82. HS’s total summated scale alpha is.85, according to Bartone et al. (1989). The 30-item form has subscale internal consistency of.56 to.82. (Bartone, et al., 1989). Bartone, et al. (1989) created the 45-item valid form from 76 items. Scale scores correlated.93 with 76-item total scores. PCA supported the three subscales. Stress affects scores (Bartone, et al., 1989).
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
The score on the following items must be reversed (3 = 0, 2 = 1, 1 = 2, and 0 = 3): 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, and 45. After reversing these items, you can find your scores on three subscales. The items that appear on each subscale are as follows:
Commitment: 1, 7, 8, 9, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 31, 37, 39, 41, 44, and 45.
Control: 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 22, 26, 28, 29, 34, 42, and 43.
Challenge: 5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, and 40.
Finally, you can add these three scores together to obtain your Hardiness Scale score.
Reliability and Validity
The HS is composed of three subscales: commitment, control, and challenge. Associations can be computed with subscales individually and/or collectively. Reliability alpha coefficients have been demonstrated by Bartone, et al. (1989) at .62, .66, and .82 for the challenge, control, and commitment subscales, respectively. As a total summated scale, Bartone, et al. (1989) reports HS has an alpha of .85. Internal consistency of the 30-item form ranged from .56 to .82 for the subscales.
The internal consistency of the summated 30-item form was .83 (Bartone, et al., 1989). In terms of validity, the 45-item form was developed by Bartone, et al., (1989) from a pool of 76 items. Scale scores correlated .93 with total scores on the 76-item version. Principal component factor analysis supported the three subscales. Scores are sensitive to measuring change due to levels of stressful events (Bartone, et al., 1989).
Available Versions
45-Items
Reference
Bartone, P. T., Ursano, R. J., Wright, K. M., & Ingraham, L. H. (1989). The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers. A prospective study. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 177(6), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198906000-00001
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Hardiness Scale?
The Hardiness Scale is a 45-item measure of dispositional resilience created by P.T. Bartone, R.J. Ursano, K.M. Wright, and L.H. Ingraham.
How is the Hardiness Scale administered?
The Hardiness Scale is a four-point Likert scale, where zero indicates “not true”, and 3 indicates “fully true”. Some of the items on the scale need to be reversed scored.
What are the subscales of the Hardiness Scale?
The subscales of the Hardiness Scale are commitment, control, and challenge.
How is the score on the Hardiness Scale calculated?
The score on the Hardiness Scale is calculated by adding together the scores of the three subscales (commitment, control, and challenge).
Is the Hardiness Scale available in different versions?
The Hardiness Scale is available in a 45-item version.
What is the reliability and validity of the Hardiness Scale?
The Hardiness Scale has been shown to have good reliability and validity. Bartone, et al. (1989) reported alpha coefficients of .62, .66, and .82 for the challenge, control, and commitment subscales, respectively, and an alpha of .85 for the total scale. The internal consistency of the summated 30-item form was .83. The scale has been shown to be sensitive to measuring change due to levels of stressful events.
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