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State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory – STAXI
Author Details
Charles D. Spielberger
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) is a self-report inventory that measures anger as both a state and a trait. The STAXI-2 is the updated version of the original STAXI, and it was published in 2001.
The STAXI-2 consists of 57 items that are rated on a 4-point scale. The items measure the following six scales:
- State Anger: The intensity of anger as an emotional state at a particular time.
- Trait Anger: How often angry feelings are experienced over time.
- Anger Expression: How people express their anger.
- Anger Control: How well people control their anger.
- Anger Suppression: How often people suppress their anger.
- Externally Directed Anger: How often people express their anger in an outward, aggressive way.
The STAXI-2 is a reliable and valid instrument that has been used in a variety of research and clinical settings. It is a useful tool for assessing anger and its impact on individuals’ lives.
The background of the STAXI can be traced back to the 1970s, when Charles D. Spielberger, Ph.D., began to develop a measure of anger that would be both reliable and valid. Spielberger was a leading expert in the field of anxiety and stress, and he had already developed a number of other well-known psychological instruments, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
The STAXI was first published in 1988, and it quickly became a popular tool for assessing anger. The inventory has been used in a wide variety of research and clinical settings, and it has been shown to be sensitive to changes in anger levels over time.
The STAXI-2 was published in 2001, and it includes a number of improvements over the original STAXI. The revised inventory has more items, and it includes a number of new scales that measure different aspects of anger expression and control. The STAXI-2 is also more reliable and valid than the original STAXI.
The STAXI is a valuable tool for assessing anger and its impact on individuals’ lives. It can be used to help people understand their anger, to develop anger management skills, and to improve their overall well-being.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) is a self-report inventory that can be administered in a variety of settings, including clinical, research, and educational settings. The inventory is typically administered by a trained professional, such as a psychologist or therapist.
To administer the STAXI, the examiner will first read the instructions to the participant. The instructions will explain how to rate the items on the inventory. The items are rated on a 4-point scale, with 1 representing “almost never” and 4 representing “almost always.”
Once the instructions have been read, the participant will begin to complete the inventory. The inventory consists of 57 items, and it takes about 10-15 minutes to complete. The participant will be asked to rate how often they experience each of the anger-related behaviors described in the items.
Once the participant has completed the inventory, the examiner will score the inventory. The scoring instructions are provided in the STAXI manual. The scores for the different scales can then be interpreted to assess the participant’s anger levels.
Here are some of the steps involved in administering the STAXI:
- Read the instructions to the participant.
- Allow the participant to complete the inventory.
- Score the inventory.
- Interpret the scores.
Reliability and Validity
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) is a reliable and valid instrument that has been used in a variety of research and clinical settings. The reliability and validity of the STAXI have been established in a number of studies.
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement. A reliable measure is one that produces consistent results over time and across different settings. The STAXI has been shown to be reliable in a number of studies. For example, one study found that the test-retest reliability of the STAXI was .85 for the State Anger scale, .88 for the Trait Anger scale, and .82 for the Anger Expression scale. This means that the scores on the STAXI are likely to be consistent over time.
Validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement. A valid measure measures what it is supposed to measure. The STAXI has been shown to be valid in a number of studies. For example, one study found that the STAXI correlated with other measures of anger, such as the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Novaco Anger Scale. This means that the STAXI is measuring anger in a way that is consistent with other measures of anger.
Available Versions
57-Items
44-Items
Reference
Spielberger, C. D. (n.d.). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. PAR. https://www.parinc.com/Products/Pkey/429
Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S., & Crane, R. S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(4), 697-712.
Smith, T. W., & Bond, M. H. (1999). The stability of anger and hostility: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(2), 107-116.
Cohn, S. E., Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Linguistic markers of psychological change: Lexical predictors of smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 23(6), 526-533.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is STAXI?
A self-report inventory that measures anger as both a state and a trait.
Who developed STAXI?
Charles D. Spielberger.
How many items are there in STAXI?
57 items in STAXI-2.
What are the 6 scales of STAXI?
State Anger, Trait Anger, Anger Expression, Anger Control, Anger Suppression, Externally Directed Anger.
What is the difference between state and trait anger?
State anger is an emotional state, while trait anger is a personality trait.
What is the reliability of STAXI?
High, with test-retest reliabilities ranging from .82 to .88.
What is the validity of STAXI?
High, with correlations with other measures of anger ranging from .40 to .70.
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