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Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale
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About Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale
The Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (PAIRS) was developed to assess patients’ beliefs and attitudes regarding pain, or the ability to function despite discomfort. Psychometric evaluations of the instrument have shown adequate internal consistency. Also, PAIRS reliably discriminated between pain and non-pain groups, and the instrument was significantly related to impairment even after pain intensity, duration, and severity of spine dysfunction were controlled for. PAIRS scores have been shown to change significantly following a CBT-oriented treatment, indicating the instrument’s sensitivity to change in this type of treatment. The PAIRS consists of 15 statements reflecting thoughts, attitudes and opinions about pain, such as “As long as I am in pain, I’ll never be able to live as well as I did before.” The degrees to which the participant agreed or disagreed with each statement was rated on a seven-point Likert scale (higher scores indicating a greater tendency to associate pain with impairment and to restrict functioning in the presence of pain). In study 4, an age appropriate adaptation was made in one item by changing the wording from “work” to “school”.
Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale
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