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Normative Beliefs About Aggression Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Normative Beliefs About Aggression Scale
Author Details
L. Rowell Huesmann and Nicole Guerra.
e-mail: huesmann@umich.edu
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Normative Aggressive Beliefs Scale (NOBAGS) is a self-report measure of adolescents’ beliefs about the appropriateness of behaving aggressively. It was developed by L. Rowell Huesmann and Nicole Guerra in 1997.
The NOBAGS has two subscales: Revenge Attack Belief (RAB) and General Attack Belief (GAB). The RAB subscale measures beliefs about the appropriateness of using aggression to retaliate against someone who has wronged you. The GAB subscale measures beliefs about the appropriateness of using aggression in general, regardless of whether it is in retaliation for something.
The NOBAGS was developed based on the theory that normative beliefs about aggression play a role in the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. Normative beliefs are beliefs about what is considered to be “normal” or “acceptable” behavior in a particular group or society.
Research has shown that adolescents with more positive beliefs about the appropriateness of aggression are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior themselves. The NOBAGS can be used to assess normative beliefs about aggression in adolescents and to identify those who are at risk for engaging in aggressive behavior.
The NOBAGS has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of normative beliefs about aggression. It has been used in a variety of studies to examine the relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior.
The NOBAGS is a 20-item scale, with each item scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The total score for the NOBAGS is the sum of the scores for the RAB and GAB subscales.
Higher scores on the NOBAGS indicate more positive beliefs about the appropriateness of aggression. Studies have shown that adolescents with higher scores on the NOBAGS are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior.
The NOBAGS is a useful tool for assessing normative beliefs about aggression in adolescents. It can be used to identify adolescents who are at risk for engaging in aggressive behavior. The NOBAGS can also be used to track changes in normative beliefs about aggression over time.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Introduce the scale and explain the instructions. The NOBAGS is a self-report measure of beliefs about aggression. Explain that the scale contains a series of statements about aggression, and that the participant is asked to indicate how much they agree or disagree with each statement.
- Read the items aloud. The NOBAGS is a written scale, but it is helpful to read the items aloud to the participant. This will help to ensure that the participant understands the items and that they are responding to the intended meaning of the items.
- Allow the participant to respond at their own pace. There is no time limit for completing the NOBAGS. Allow the participant to respond at their own pace and to ask any questions they have about the items.
- Score the scale after the participant has finished. The NOBAGS is scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The total score for the NOBAGS is the sum of the scores for the RAB and GAB subscales.
Reliability and Validity
The Normative Aggressive Beliefs Scale (NOBAGS) has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of normative beliefs about aggression.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the scale. The NOBAGS has been shown to have good internal reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from .69 to .82. This means that the items on the scale are consistent with each other and that they are measuring the same construct.
Validity refers to the extent to which the scale measures what it is supposed to measure. The NOBAGS has been shown to have good construct validity. This means that the scale is correlated with other measures of aggression, such as peer nominations of aggression and teacher ratings of aggression.
Available Versions
20-Items
Reference
- Huesmann, L. R., & Guerra, N. G. (1997). Children’s normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 408-419.
- Guerra, N. G., & Huesmann, L. R. (2001). Aggression in the early years: Predictors, prevention, and intervention. New York: Guilford Press.
- Guerra, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., & Zelli, A. (2003). Overlapping trajectories of exposure to violence and normative beliefs about aggression among urban youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(2), 17-27.
- Miller, L., & Huesmann, L. R. (1999). The role of normative beliefs in aggressive behavior. In D. J. Flannery, A. T. Vazsonyi, & I. D. Waldman (Eds.), The development of aggressive behavior: Biological, psychological, and environmental factors (pp. 291-315). New York: Erlbaum.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the NOBAGS?
The NOBAGS is a self-report measure of adolescents’ beliefs about the appropriateness of behaving aggressively.
What are the two subscales of the NOBAGS?
The two subscales of the NOBAGS are the Revenge Attack Belief (RAB) and the General Attack Belief (GAB).
What does the RAB measure?
The RAB measures beliefs about the appropriateness of using aggression to retaliate against someone who has wronged you.
What does the GAB measure?
The GAB measures beliefs about the appropriateness of using aggression in general, regardless of whether it is in retaliation for something.
How is the NOBAGS scored?
The NOBAGS is scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The total score for the NOBAGS is the sum of the scores for the RAB and GAB subscales.
Where can I find the NOBAGS?
The NOBAGS is available for free download from the website of the Center for the Study of Violence at the University of Michigan.
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