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Test of Mobile Phone Dependence
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Test of Mobile Phone Dependence
Author Details
Chóliz M
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) is a self-report questionnaire that is used to assess the severity of mobile phone dependence in adolescents. It was developed by Miguel Chóliz, a Spanish psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Valencia.
The TMD was developed in response to the growing concern about the potential for mobile phone addiction among adolescents. Mobile phones have become increasingly ubiquitous in recent years, and they offer a wide range of features that can be addictive, such as social media, gaming, and online shopping.
The TMD consists of 22 items that measure three dimensions of mobile phone dependence:
- Abstinence: The extent to which the individual experiences withdrawal symptoms when they are not able to use their mobile phone.
- Lack of control: The extent to which the individual feels that they are unable to control their use of their mobile phone.
- Tolerance: The need to use the mobile phone for longer periods of time or in more intense ways in order to achieve the desired effect.
The TMD has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of mobile phone dependence in adolescents. It has been used in research studies in a number of countries, including Spain, Italy, Turkey, and China.
The TMD is a useful tool for assessing the severity of mobile phone dependence in adolescents. However, it is important to note that the TMD is not a diagnostic tool. If you are concerned about your mobile phone use, it is important to talk to a mental health professional for a diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
To administer the TMD, you will need a copy of the questionnaire and a pencil. You will also need to provide the participants with some basic instructions, such as:
- Read each item carefully and decide how strongly you agree or disagree with it.
- There are no right or wrong answers, so be honest with your responses.
- If you are unsure about how to answer an item, you can leave it blank.
Here are the steps on how to administer the Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD):
- Gather the necessary materials: a copy of the TMD questionnaire, a pencil, and a timer (optional).
- Introduce the TMD to the participants and explain the instructions.
- Allow the participants to read the instructions carefully.
- If the participants have any questions, be sure to answer them before they begin the questionnaire.
- Once the participants are ready to begin, distribute the questionnaires and pencils.
- Instruct the participants to answer each item honestly and to rate their responses on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 meaning “never” and 4 meaning “very often.”
- If the participants are taking the questionnaire in a group setting, you may want to set a timer for 20 minutes to ensure that they have enough time to complete it.
- Once the participants have completed the questionnaire, collect the questionnaires and score them.
- If the participant’s score is 40 or higher, they may be experiencing mobile phone dependence.
- If you are concerned about the participant’s mobile phone use, it is important to talk to a mental health professional for a diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Reliability and Validity
The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of mobile phone dependence in adolescents.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the TMD scores over time. A reliable measure will produce similar scores when it is administered to the same individual on different occasions. The TMD has been shown to be reliable in a number of studies, with test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.88.
Validity refers to the extent to which the TMD measures what it is supposed to measure. A valid measure will produce scores that are related to other measures of the same construct. The TMD has been shown to be valid in a number of studies, with correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.70 with other measures of mobile phone dependence.
The TMD has also been shown to be predictive of negative outcomes such as academic problems, social problems, and psychological problems. For example, one study found that adolescents with higher TMD scores were more likely to have lower grades, to miss school, and to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking alcohol.
Available Versions
22-Items
Reference
Chóliz, M. (2012). Mobile-Phone Addiction in Adolescence: The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD). Progress in Health Sciences, 12, 33-44.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Who developed the TMD?
M Chóliz, a Spanish psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Valencia.
When was the TMD developed?
2012.
What is the purpose of the TMD?
To assess the severity of mobile phone dependence in adolescents.
How many items does the TMD have?
22 items.
What are the three dimensions of mobile phone dependence measured by the TMD? Abstinence, lack of control, and tolerance.
What is the scoring range for the TMD?
0 to 88.
What is a score of 40 or higher on the TMD considered to be?
A possible indicator of mobile phone dependence.
Is the TMD a diagnostic tool?
No, the TMD is a screening tool only.
If I am concerned about my mobile phone use, what should I do?
Talk to a mental health professional for a diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
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