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Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument
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About Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument
APRI-BT is a 36-item questionnaire (Parada, 2000), developed for measuring bullying perpetration and victimization among youths, each in relation with three subdomains—physical, verbal, and social (see Appendix B). For the Bullying section, children are asked to rate the frequency of a series of behaviors perpetrated against other children, during the last school year (e.g., “Got into a physical fight with a student because I didn’t like them”). For the Victimization section, children are asked to evaluate the frequency with which they were the targets of these behaviors, during the last school year (e.g., “I was called names I didn’t like”). The items are measured using a 6-point Likert-type response scale (1 ¼ never; 2 ¼ sometimes; 3 ¼ once or twice a month; 4 ¼ once a week; 5 ¼ several times a week; 6 ¼ every day).
Responses closer to 1 represented infrequent involvement in bullying victimization, whereas scores closer to 6 represented frequent amounts of involvement in bullying victimization. Scores for each of the two sections range between 18 and 108, with higher scores indicating higher levels of bullying behavior or victimization. Regarding the three main criteria for defining bullying—repetition, intention, and power imbalance—note that APRI-BT does not directly and explicitly measure the type or amount of power imbalance component of bullying. Instead, the theoretical assumption of the instrument is that being able to perpetrate aggression repeatedly to others over time is possible, by implication, due to the fact that such an individual is at a “higher” power status than those who report being the targets of such behavior.
Inversely, targets, therefore, are at a “lower” power status as they are clearly unable to stop being targeted on a repeated basis (for a detailed debate over validity in assessing power imbalance, see Jia & Mikami, 2018). Moreover, previous studies found that whether or not questions included a definition of bullying involving intentionality and power Journal of Interpersonal Violence 0(0) imbalance had no impact on students’ likelihood of self-reporting bullying involvement (Huang & Cornell, 2015).
Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument
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Roberto Parada‚ PhD
Email: r.parada@uws.edu.au.
- Parada‚ R. H. (2000). Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of participant roles in bullying and victimization of adolescence: An interim test manual and a research monograph: A test manual. Penrith South‚ DC‚ Australia: Publication Unit‚ Self-concept Enhancement and Learning Facilitation (SELF) Research Centre‚ University of Western Sydney.
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