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Child Behavior Scale
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About Child Behavior Scale
Scale Name
Child Behavior Scale
Author Details
Gary W. Ladd
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Child Behavior Scale (CBS) is a teacher-report questionnaire designed to assess the behavior of children in pre-school and primary school settings, particularly focusing on interactions in the classroom. The CBS was initially created by Gary W. Ladd in 1996 and includes contributions from other researchers in subsequent years. It was specifically developed to evaluate the social and behavioral dynamics of children aged 4-8 years within their peer groups.
The CBS consists of 59 items that teachers rate on a scale from 1 (“Rarely/Never”) to 3 (“Often/Always”), based on the frequency of specific behaviors observed in the target children. These items are organized into six sub-scales that reflect different dimensions of peer interaction:
- Aggressive with peers
- Prosocial with peers
- Excluded by peers
- Asocial with peers
- Hyperactive-distractible
- Anxious-fearful
The scale was designed to capture a wide range of behaviors that are crucial for understanding a child’s social development and potential psychosocial risks. Studies have shown that the quality and quantity of peer interactions assessed by the CBS can promote important social skills like cooperation, negotiation, and mutual aid, which are foundational for early interpersonal relationships
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
Preparation: Teachers who will be administering the CBS should receive training on how to accurately observe and rate children’s behaviors according to the scale. This includes understanding the definitions and examples of each behavior listed in the CBS.
Selection of Target Children: Teachers select the children to be evaluated, typically focusing on those within the specified age range of 4-8 years. The selection process should be random to avoid bias.
Rating Process: For each child, teachers observe their behavior over a specific period, typically a few weeks, to gather sufficient data. During this period, teachers rate each of the 59 items based on the frequency of the behavior observed, using the 3-point scale provided.
Data Compilation: After completing the ratings, teachers compile the data for analysis. The scores for each sub-scale are calculated to provide a comprehensive profile of each child’s behavior in peer interactions.
Reliability and Validity
The reliability and validity of the CBS have been established through various studies. Reliability refers to the consistency of the results obtained using the scale, while validity refers to the accuracy with which the scale measures what it is intended to measure.
Reliability: The CBS has demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values typically exceeding 0.80 for the sub-scales. Test-retest reliability is also strong, indicating that the scale produces stable results over time when administered under similar conditions.
Validity: The CBS exhibits strong construct validity, with factor analyses supporting the structure of the six sub-scales. Convergent validity is demonstrated through significant correlations with other established measures of child behavior and social skills. Discriminant validity is evidenced by the CBS’s ability to differentiate between children with and without behavioral issues. Additionally, the scale has been adapted and validated in different cultural contexts, further supporting its robustness and applicability
Available Versions
59-Items
Reference
Ladd, G. W., & Profilet, S. M. (1996). The Child Behavior Scale: A teacher-report measure of young children’s aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Developmental psychology, 32(6), 1008.
Marcone, R., & Costanzo, A. (2013). Contribution to the validation of the Child Behavior Scale (CBS): A questionnaire for teachers that measures aggressive, antisocial, and prosocial behavior in kindergarten and primary school children. BPA-Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata), 60(267).
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Child Behavior Scale (CBS)?
The CBS is a teacher-report questionnaire that evaluates the behavior of children aged 4-8 in school settings, focusing on peer interactions.
Who developed the Child Behavior Scale?
The original CBS was developed by Gary W. Ladd in 1996.
What behaviors does the CBS assess?
The CBS assesses aggressive, antisocial, prosocial, asocial, hyperactive-distractible, and anxious-fearful behaviors.
How is the CBS administered?
Teachers observe and rate children’s behaviors over a period, scoring the frequency of specific behaviors on a 3-point scale.
Is the CBS reliable and valid?
Yes, the CBS has been validated through various studies and has demonstrated high reliability and validity across different cultural contexts.
What is the purpose of the CBS?
The CBS aims to identify and predict psychosocial risks and promote early intervention by assessing children’s peer relationships and behaviors.
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