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Driving Behaviour Inventory
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About Driving Behaviour Inventory
Earlier work on the Driving Behaviour Inventory (Gulian et al. 1988, 1989; Matthews et al. 1991) reported on the use of self-report scales to measure dimensions of driver stress. Of the relatively small number of studies that have used self-report instruments to measure cognitive and behavioral dimensions of driving experience, few have specifically addressed the issue of factors comprising driver stress. Thus, outcomes of different studies tend to reflect their varying orientation or focus so that few, if any. common factors emerge. Four studies reported on various aspects of driver behavior are summarized in table 1.
However, a specifically stress-linked framework for discussing driver behavior has also emerged. Drawing on work by Glass and Singer (1972), Sherrod (1974) and Turner et al. (1975), Stokols et al. (1978) considered the potential stress of traffic situations and the emotional demands of driving which may result in performance impairment as well as impacting adversely on home and work situations. The main personality variable used was the Type AlType B dimension and, along with independent measures of task performance, 100 urban commuters kept a daily diary for a 5-day period.
Stokols et al. (1978) developed the Driving Habits Questionnaire (DHQ) to measure time-urgent behavior in traffic..Each of the 16 items presents two alternative choices corresponding to the poles of the Type AlB behavior pattern.
Other self-report instruments included measures of mood, attitude to environmental problems, satisfaction with commuting. work and living circumstances, as well as physiological measures such as diastolic blood pressure. The analysis revealed traffic congestion to be an environmental stressor that increased annoyance in relation to time and commuting distance, while routine exposure to traffic congestion was associated with increased physiological arousal. Stokols et al. suggested that driver expectations and experience mediate commuting skills.
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